Everything about Foreign Language totally explained
A
foreign language is a
language not spoken by the people of a certain place: for example,
English is a foreign language in
Japan. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, for example an English speaker living in Japan can say that
Japanese is a foreign language to him or her. These two characterizations don't exhaust the possible definitions, however, and the label is occasionally applied in ways that are variously misleading or factually inaccurate.
Some children learn more than one language from birth or from a very young age: they're bilingual or
multilingual. These children can be said to have two mother tongues: neither language is foreign to that child, even if one language is a foreign language for the vast majority of people in the child's birth country. For example, a child learning English from her
English mother and Japanese at school in Japan can speak both English and Japanese, but neither is a foreign language to her.
Foreign language education and ability
» See main article: Language education
Most schools around the world teach at least one foreign language. By 1998 nearly all pupils in
Europe studied at least one foreign language as part of their compulsory education, the only exception being
Ireland, where primary and secondary schoolchildren learn both
Irish and English, but neither is considered a foreign language. On average in Europe, at the start of foreign language teaching, learners have lessons for three to four hours a week. Compulsory lessons in a foreign language normally start at the end of
primary school or the start of
secondary school. In
Luxembourg,
Norway and
Malta, however, the first foreign language is studied at age six, and in
Flanders at age 10.
In some countries, learners have lessons taken entirely in a foreign language: for example, more than half of European countries with a minority/regional language community use partial immersion to teach both the minority and the state language.
In 1995 the
European Commission’s White Paper on Education and Training emphasized the importance of schoolchildren learning at least two foreign languages before upper secondary education. The
Lisbon Summit of 2000 defined languages as one of the five key skills.
Despite the high rate of foreign language teaching in schools, the number of adults claiming to speak a foreign language is generally lower than might be expected. This is particularly true of native English speakers: in 2004 a
British survey showed that only one in 10
UK workers could speak a foreign language and less than 5% could count to 20 in a second language. In
2001, a European Commission survey found that 65.9% of people in the UK spoke only their native tongue.
Since the
1990s, the
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages has tried to standardize the learning of languages across Europe.
Pronunciation
Research into foreign language learning
In 2004 a report by the Michel Thomas Language Centre in the
United Kingdom suggested that speaking a second language could increase an average worker's salary by £3,000 a year, or £145,000 in a lifetime. Further results showed that nine out of 10 British companies thought their businesses could benefit from better language skills. Studies show that a person that's bilingual or multilingual, can make a greater salary than a computer programmer or engineer because they can use their abilities in foreign language to obtain success in any career they desire. Also due to the increase of international population, a multilingual person can easily communicate and translate to perspective viewers.
Also in
2004, a study by
University College London (UCL) examined the brains of 105 people who could speak more than one language. The study found that people who learned a second language when younger had denser
grey matter than those who learned one later. Grey matter is the part of the brain where information is processed.
Other research has shown that early exposure to a second language increases divergent thinking strategies, helping not only in language-related tasks, but also in areas such as math. Children early on have different ways of expressing themselves, such that they better understand there's more than one way to look at a problem and that there's more than one solution.
Further Information
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